Teori penemuan Australia oleh Portugis

Harleian Mappemonde, British Library, Add. MS 5413. Salinan disimpan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional Australia [3] Diarsipkan 2015-11-08 di Wayback Machine..

Teori penemuan Australia oleh Portugis mengklaim bahwa para navigator Portugis awal adalah bangsa Eropa pertama yang menyaksikan Australia antara 1521 dan 1524, sebelum kedatangan navigator Belanda Willem Janszoon pada 1606 memakai kapal Duyfken yang umum dianggap menjadi penemu Eropa pertama. Ini berdasarkan pada unsur-unsur berikut:^[1]^[2]

Peta Dieppe, sekelompok peta dunia Prancis abad ke-16, yang menggambarkan sebuah wilayah daratan besar antara Indonesia dan Antarktika. Dilabeli sebagai Java la Grande, wilayah daratan tersebut mencantumkan nama-nama tempat dalam bahasa Prancis, Portugis dan Portugis yang di-Galisisasi, dan ditafsirkan oleh beberapa orang merupakan pantai barat laut dan timur Australia.
Keberadaan koloni-koloni Portugis di Asia Tenggara dari awal abad ke-16, terutama Timor Portugis yang berjarak sekitar 650 kilometer dari pantai Australia pada sekitar tahun 1513–1516.^[3]^[4]
Berbagai barang antik yang ditemukan di garis pantai Australia, diklaim merupakan relik-relik perjalanan Portugis awal ke Australia, yang umum dianggap sebagai bukti kunjungan Makassar ke Australia Utara.

Anggapan penemuan Australia juga diklaim dilakukan oleh Tiongkok (Laksamana Cheng Ho),^[5] Prancis,^[6] Spanyol,^[7] dan bahkan Foenisia.^[8]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Tweeddale, A. "More on Maps" in The Skeptic, Vol 20, No. 3 2000 1 p. 58-62 [1] Diarsipkan 2014-02-14 di Wayback Machine.
^ Richardson, William Arthur Ridley (1989). The Portuguese Discovery of Australia, Fact or Fiction?. Canberra: National Library of Australia. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-0642104816. Diakses tanggal 2 March 2016.
^ Gunn, Geoffrey C. (1999) Timor Loro Sae: 500 Years, Macau, Livros do Oriente. p.51-69. ISBN 972-9418-69-1 [2] Diarsipkan 2009-03-24 di Wayback Machine. See Gunn (2016) "The Timor-Macao Sandalwood Trade and the Asian Discovery of the Great South Land?" in Review of Culture (Macau), No.51, p.125-48. Gunn provides a valuable explanation of 16th-century Portuguese enterprise and expansion in the Moluccas, Flores, Solor and Timor
^ McIntyre, K.G. (1977) The Secret Discovery of Australia, Portuguese ventures 200 years before Cook, p. 52+, Souvenir Press, Menindie ISBN 0-285-62303-6
^ Menzies, Gavin (2002). 1421: The year China discovered the world. London: Bantam Press. ISBN 978-0-06-053763-0.
^ Credit for the discovery of Australia was given to Frenchman Binot Paulmier de Gonneville (1504) in Brosses, Charles de (1756). Histoire des navigations aux Terres Australe. Paris.
^ In the early 20th century, Lawrence Hargrave argued from archaeological evidence that Spain had established a colony in Botany Bay in the 16th century. See Inglis, Amirah (1983). "Lawrence Hargrave". Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB). Australian National University (ANU).
^ This claim was made by Allan Robinson in his self-published In Australia, Treasure is not for the Finder (1980); for discussion, see Henderson, James A. (1993). Phantoms of the Tryall. Perth: St. George Books. ISBN 978-0-86778-053-6.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pranala akademik dan pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

Desceliers map (1550) at the British Library
Flinders University Portal - Links to published and online works by Professor W.A.R. Richardson
Government of Goa Archives.(The Archive includes Portuguese documents dating to 1498)
Images of the Vallard atlas (1547) at the Huntington Library Diarsipkan 2010-08-20 di Wayback Machine.
Pearson, M. Great Southern Land; The Maritime Exploration of Terra Australis Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage, 2005. ISBN 0-642-55185-5 at
Desliens map (1566) reproduction at the National Library of Australia
Asia in the Eyes of Europe, by Donald F.Lach. University of Chicago Library, 1991
The National Library of Australia's Gateway site on exploration of Australia
[4] King, «JAVE LA GRANDE, A PART OF TERRA AUSTRALIS?», presented at Mapping Our World: Discovery Day, National Library of Australia, 10 November 2013.]

Surat kabar dan Jurnal[sunting | sunting sumber]

Perry, Michael. "Map proves Portuguese discovered Australia: new book". Reuters US. 2007-02-21. Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-02. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-16.
AAP with Australian Geographic staff. "Darwin boy's find could rewrite history". Australian Geographic. Australian Geographic. 2012-01-10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 January 2012. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2013.
Nixon, Bob. "A fresh perspective on the Mahogany Ship" (PDF). The Skeptic, Vol 21, No 1. Autumn 2001. Australian Skeptics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 27 March 2013. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2013.
Wallis, Helen. "Did the Portuguese discover Australia?". History Today, Vol 38, Number 3, 1988. History Today Ltd. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-16.

Sumber web lain[sunting | sunting sumber]

Gojak, Denis. "The Secret Visitors Project". Diakses tanggal 2013-06-16.
Fawcett, Joan. "Richard Osburne and the 'Mahogany Ship'". Diakses tanggal 2013-06-16.

[1] Tweeddale, A. "More on Maps" in The Skeptic, Vol 20, No. 3 2000 1 p. 58-62 [1] Diarsipkan 2014-02-14 di Wayback Machine.

[2] Richardson, William Arthur Ridley (1989). The Portuguese Discovery of Australia, Fact or Fiction?. Canberra: National Library of Australia. hlm. 6. ISBN 978-0642104816. Diakses tanggal 2 March 2016.

[3] Gunn, Geoffrey C. (1999) Timor Loro Sae: 500 Years, Macau, Livros do Oriente. p.51-69. ISBN 972-9418-69-1 [2] Diarsipkan 2009-03-24 di Wayback Machine. See Gunn (2016) "The Timor-Macao Sandalwood Trade and the Asian Discovery of the Great South Land?" in Review of Culture (Macau), No.51, p.125-48. Gunn provides a valuable explanation of 16th-century Portuguese enterprise and expansion in the Moluccas, Flores, Solor and Timor

[4] McIntyre, K.G. (1977) The Secret Discovery of Australia, Portuguese ventures 200 years before Cook, p. 52+, Souvenir Press, Menindie ISBN 0-285-62303-6

[Menzies_2002-5] Menzies, Gavin (2002). 1421: The year China discovered the world. London: Bantam Press. ISBN 978-0-06-053763-0.

[Brosses_note-6] Credit for the discovery of Australia was given to Frenchman Binot Paulmier de Gonneville (1504) in Brosses, Charles de (1756). Histoire des navigations aux Terres Australe. Paris.

[Hargraves-7] In the early 20th century, Lawrence Hargrave argued from archaeological evidence that Spain had established a colony in Botany Bay in the 16th century. See Inglis, Amirah (1983). "Lawrence Hargrave". Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB). Australian National University (ANU).

[Robinson_1980-8] This claim was made by Allan Robinson in his self-published In Australia, Treasure is not for the Finder (1980); for discussion, see Henderson, James A. (1993). Phantoms of the Tryall. Perth: St. George Books. ISBN 978-0-86778-053-6.

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