Metamonada

*Metamonada*
Metamonada ;
	; Giardia lamblia,seekor diplomonad parasit
Taksonomi
Superdomain	Biota
Superkerajaan	Eukaryota
Kerajaan	Protozoa
Subkerajaan	Eozoa
Infrakerajaan	Excavata
Filum	Metamonada ;
Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Archezoa?
Classes & orders
	Anaeramoeba; Parabasalia Trichonymphea; Trichomonadea; ; Anaeromonada Anaeromonadea; ; Fornicata Carpediemonadida; Chilomastigida; Retortamonadida; Diplomonadida; ;
	l; b; s;

Metamonada adalah sebuah kelompok besar eukariota basal^[3] amitochondriata flagellata mikroskopis. Komposisi kelompok ini masih belum ditentukan secara pasti sepenuhnya, namun mereka mencakup retortamonadida, diplomonadida dan kemungkinan juga parabasalia dan oxymonadida. Keempat kelompok tersebut merupakan organisme anaerob (kebanyakan dari mereka adalah anaerob aerotolerant), biasanya merupakan sebuah simbiot atau parasit hewan, seperti pada Giardia lamblia, yang menyebabkan diare pada mamalia.^[1]

Taksonomi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Filum Metamonada (Grassé 1952) Cavalier-Smith 1987 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003
- Subfilum Anaeromonada Cavalier-Smith 1997 emend. 2003
  - Kelas Anaeromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1997 emend. 1999
    - Famili Paratrimastigidae Zhang et al. 2015
    - Ordo Trimastigida Cavalier-Smith 2003
      - Famili Trimastigidae Saville Kent 1880
    - Ordo Oxymonadida Grassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003
      - Famili Polymastigidae Bütschli 1884
      - Famili Saccinobaculidae Brugerolle & Lee 2002 ex Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Famili Pyrsonymphidae Grassé 1892
      - Famili Streblomastigidae Kofoid & Swezy 1919
      - Famili Oxymonadidae Kirby 1928
- Subfilum Trichozoa Cavalier-Smith 1996 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003 stat. n. 2013
  - Superkelas Fornicata Simpson 2003 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Genus Ergobibamus
    - Genus Hicanonectes
    - Famili Kipferliidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Ordo Chilomastigida Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Famili Chilomastigidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Ordo Dysnectida Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Famili Dysnectidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Kelas Carpediemonadea Cavalier-Smith 2013 s.s.
      - Ordo Carpediemonadida Cavalier-Smith 2003 emend. 2013 s.s.
        Famili Carpediemonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2003
    - Kelas Eopharyngea Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 2003
      - Ordo Retortamonadida Grassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2013
        Famili Retortamonadidae Wenrich 1932
      - Ordo Diplomonadida Wenyon 1926 emend. Brugerolle et al. 1975
        Famili Giardiidae Kulda & Nohy´nkova´ 1978
        
        Famili Octomitidae Cavalier-Smith 1996
        
        Famili Spironucleidae Cavalier-Smith 1996
        
        Famili Hexamitidae Kent 1880 emend. Brugerolle et al. 1975
  - Superkelas Parabasalia Honigberg 1973 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 2003
    - Kelas Chilomitea
      - Ordo Chilomitida
        Famili Chilomitidae
    - Kelas Trichonymphea Cavalier-Smith 2003
      - Ordo Lophomonadida Light 1927
        Famili Lophomonadidae Saville Kent 1880
      - Ordo Trichonymphida Poche 1913
        Famili Spirotrichosomidae Hollande & Caruette-Valentin 1971
        
        Famili Staurojoeninidae Grassé 1917
        
        Famili Trichonymphidae Saville Kent 1880
        
        Famili Hoplonymphidae Light 1926
        
        Famili Teranymphidae Koidzumi 1921 [Eucomonymphidae]
    - Kelas Trichomonadea Kirby 1947 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 2003
      - Ordo Trichocovinida
        Famili Trichocovinidae
      - Ordo Trichomonadida Kirby 1947
        Subordo Hypotrichomonadina Čepička et al. 2010 stat. n.
        Famili Hypotrichomonadidae (Honigberg 1963) Čepička, Hampl & Kulda 2010
        
        Subordo Trichomonadina (Kirby 1947) Cavalier-Smith 2013
        Famili Trichomonadidae Chalmers & Pekkoloa 1918 sensu Hampl et al. 2006
        
        Subordo Honigbergiellina Čepička et al. 2010
        Famili Honigbergiellidae Čepička, Hampl & Kulda 2010
        
        Famili Hexamastigidae Čepička, Hampl & Kulda 2010
        
        Famili Tricercomitidae Čepička, Hampl & Kulda 2010
      - Ordo Tritrichomonadida Čepička et al. 2010
        Famili Dientamoebidae Grassé 1953
        
        Famili Monocercomonadidae Kirby 1944
        
        Famili Simplicimonadidae Čepička et al. 2010
        
        Famili Tritrichomonadidae Honigberg 1963
      - Subkelas Cristomonadia Cavalier-Smith, 2013
        Ordo Spirotrichonymphida Grassé 1952
        Famili Spirotrichonymphidae Grassé 1917
        
        Ordo Cristamonadida Brugerolle & Patterson 2001 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2013
        Famili Calonymphidae Grassé 1911
        
        Famili Devescovinidae Doflein 1911 [Joeniidae; Rhizonymphidae; Kofoidiidae; Deltotrichonymphidae]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ ^a ^b Al Jewari, Caesar; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2023-04-28). "An excavate root for the eukaryote tree of life". Science Advances. 9 (17): eade4973. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade4973. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10146883  Periksa nilai |pmc= (bantuan). PMID 37115919 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan).
^ Stairs, Courtney W.; Táborský, Petr; Salomaki, Eric D.; Kolisko, Martin; Pánek, Tomáš; Eme, Laura; Hradilová, Miluše; Vlček, Čestmír; Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon; Roger, Andrew J.; Čepička, Ivan (2021-12-20). "Anaeramoebae are a divergent lineage of eukaryotes that shed light on the transition from anaerobic mitochondria to hydrogenosomes". Current Biology (dalam bahasa English). 31 (24): 5605–5612.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.010 . ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34710348 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan).
^ Krishnan, Arunkumar; Burroughs, A. Max; Iyer, Lakshminarayan; Aravind, L. (2018-07-04). "The unexpected provenance of components in eukaryotic nucleotide-excision-repair and kinetoplast DNA-dynamics from bacterial mobile elements". bioRxiv: 361121. doi:10.1101/361121 .

[Al_Jewari_Baldauf_2023-1] Al Jewari, Caesar; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2023-04-28). "An excavate root for the eukaryote tree of life". Science Advances. 9 (17): eade4973. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade4973. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10146883  Periksa nilai |pmc= (bantuan). PMID 37115919 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan).

[2] Stairs, Courtney W.; Táborský, Petr; Salomaki, Eric D.; Kolisko, Martin; Pánek, Tomáš; Eme, Laura; Hradilová, Miluše; Vlček, Čestmír; Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon; Roger, Andrew J.; Čepička, Ivan (2021-12-20). "Anaeramoebae are a divergent lineage of eukaryotes that shed light on the transition from anaerobic mitochondria to hydrogenosomes". Current Biology (dalam bahasa English). 31 (24): 5605–5612.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.010 . ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34710348 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan).

[3] Krishnan, Arunkumar; Burroughs, A. Max; Iyer, Lakshminarayan; Aravind, L. (2018-07-04). "The unexpected provenance of components in eukaryotic nucleotide-excision-repair and kinetoplast DNA-dynamics from bacterial mobile elements". bioRxiv: 361121. doi:10.1101/361121 .

[1]

[2]

[3]